The Castello Plan of New Amsterdam, 1660
New Amsterdam on Manhattan in 1660, drawn by the VOC cartographer Johannes Vingboons from a survey by Jacques Cortelyou. Every house and garden inside the wall is plotted. The town it records had fewer than fifteen hundred inhabitants and lived on a trade it did not control.
The Dutch settlement on the Hudson existed for furs, and the furs came from Mahican, Munsee and above all Haudenosaunee hunters who set the terms of exchange far more than the company liked to admit. Wampum, made on Long Island Sound, became the working currency of the colony because it was what the trade required. This map survives in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence, having been made for the Grand Duke of Tuscany. See Dutch-Indigenous trade networks in New Netherland.
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