European Integration
From the Schuman Plan to Schengen: how Europe grew together after 1945.
Articles on European Integration (6)
The Treaty of Rome, 1957: How Six Nations Built the Common Market
How the 1957 Treaty of Rome fused six nations into the European Economic Community and Euratom, founding the...
Converging on the Chip: European Integration and the Semiconductor Race, 1977–1992
How Europe answered American and Japanese chip dominance between 1977 and 1992 through ESPRIT, JESSI and...
Blueprints for Unity: The Schuman Plan and the Birth of European Economic Cooperation, 1950–1952
How the 1950 Schuman Plan pooled French and German coal and steel, created the ECSC, and laid the foundations...
Digital Bureaucracies and the Expansion of European Governance: The Schengen Information System’s Impact, 1995–2010
How the Schengen Information System reshaped European security data sharing, digital bureaucracy and...
Computers, Contested Sovereignty, and the Birth of Automated Governance: The European Commission’s First Digital Transformation, 1970–1990
Between 1970 and 1990, the European Commission's computerization drive reshaped internal bureaucracy, national...
Rebuilding Europe: The Economic Impact of the Marshall Plan After World War II
How the Marshall Plan drove economic recovery and political stability in war-torn Europe after 1945 and...
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