The 19th Century

From Napoleon to the Meiji Restoration: revolution, industry, and the making of the modern world order.

Articles on The 19th Century (9)

Modern History

The Earp Brothers and the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral

On October 26, 1881, the Earp brothers and Doc Holliday fought the Clantons and McLaurys in Tombstone's...

Modern History

Transatlantic Wires: Undersea Cables and the Making of Global Communication, 1858–1914

Between 1858 and 1914 transatlantic undersea cables rewired global communication, reshaping imperial politics,...

Modern History

The Paris Commune of 1871: Revolution in the Heart of France

How the Paris Commune of 1871 governed the French capital, why it fell in the Bloody Week, and how its memory...

Modern History

Napoleon and Alexander I at Tilsit (1807): The Treaty That Redrew Europe

Why Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I met on a raft at Tilsit in 1807, what the treaties decided, and how they...

Modern History

The Congress of Vienna: Negotations That Shaped Post-Napoleonic Europe

Explore how the Congress of Vienna's diplomatic maneuvering and dramatic personalities forged a new European...

Modern History

The Luddites: Machine-Breakers of England's Industrial Dawn

How England's Luddites broke textile machinery from 1811 to 1816, why skilled artisans rebelled, and how the...

Modern History

The Meiji Restoration: Revolution and the Fall of Japan’s Samurai Class

How the Meiji Restoration dissolved Japan's samurai class and built a modern nation-state out of the Tokugawa...

Modern History

The Opening of the Suez Canal (1869): The Day the World Shrank

When was the Suez Canal opened and why did it matter? The 1869 opening ceremony, the decade of digging, and...

Modern History

The battered relationship between the English and the Irish

The Shamrock, the Irish three-leaf clover, national symbol

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