The 19th Century
From Napoleon to the Meiji Restoration: revolution, industry, and the making of the modern world order.
Articles on The 19th Century (9)
The Earp Brothers and the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
On October 26, 1881, the Earp brothers and Doc Holliday fought the Clantons and McLaurys in Tombstone's...
Transatlantic Wires: Undersea Cables and the Making of Global Communication, 1858–1914
Between 1858 and 1914 transatlantic undersea cables rewired global communication, reshaping imperial politics,...
The Paris Commune of 1871: Revolution in the Heart of France
How the Paris Commune of 1871 governed the French capital, why it fell in the Bloody Week, and how its memory...
Napoleon and Alexander I at Tilsit (1807): The Treaty That Redrew Europe
Why Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I met on a raft at Tilsit in 1807, what the treaties decided, and how they...
The Congress of Vienna: Negotations That Shaped Post-Napoleonic Europe
Explore how the Congress of Vienna's diplomatic maneuvering and dramatic personalities forged a new European...
The Luddites: Machine-Breakers of England's Industrial Dawn
How England's Luddites broke textile machinery from 1811 to 1816, why skilled artisans rebelled, and how the...
The Meiji Restoration: Revolution and the Fall of Japan’s Samurai Class
How the Meiji Restoration dissolved Japan's samurai class and built a modern nation-state out of the Tokugawa...
The Opening of the Suez Canal (1869): The Day the World Shrank
When was the Suez Canal opened and why did it matter? The 1869 opening ceremony, the decade of digging, and...
The battered relationship between the English and the Irish
The Shamrock, the Irish three-leaf clover, national symbol
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