Medieval Germany
The Holy Roman Empire and the German lands: emperors, prince-bishops, and the free cities of the Hansa.
Articles on Medieval Germany (4)
The Rhineland Massacres of 1096: When the First Crusade Turned on Europe's Jews
In spring 1096, armed crusading bands attacked Jewish communities across the Rhineland, killing thousands in...
The Execution of Conradin: How Europe's Last Hohenstaufen King Died at Sixteen
In 1268 Charles of Anjou had 16-year-old King Conradin publicly beheaded in Naples, ending the Hohenstaufen...
The Investiture Controversy: Power Struggles in Medieval Germany
How the Investiture Controversy set Henry IV against Pope Gregory VII and reshaped church and state in...
The Hanseatic League: Shaping Northern European Trade in the Medieval Era
How the Hanseatic League united North Sea and Baltic merchant cities, dominated medieval trade, and shaped...
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