Syria and Palestine in the time of the Crusades and Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Smith, 1915)
This Map presents the political divisions in Syria and Palestine during the period of the Crusades (1096- 1291)—which includes that of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem (1097-1185)—wi
On 7 September 1191, the Battle of Arsuf unfolded on the coastal plain north of Jaffa. Richard the Lionheart's rearguard broke formation without orders, leading to a general charge that became the only pitched battle he won outright in the Holy Land. This encounter, often depicted as a duel between Richard and Saladin, was significantly shaped by the men who held the column together, such as the Hospitaller Grand Master Garnier de Nablus and other commanders whose contributions were crucial. Richard's army, approximately 20,000 strong, had left Acre in late August, marching south along the coast. This strategic route allowed the fleet to shadow the column offshore, providing supplies and a potential retreat. See our article on the The Battle of Arsuf, 1191: The Charge Richard Never Ordered.
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