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    <title>Writesides of History Podcasts</title>
    <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/</link>
    <description>Cinematic, sourced history stories adapted for listening. Every episode leads back to its evidence.</description>
    <language>en</language>
    <copyright>© Writesides of History</copyright>
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    <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary>Cinematic, sourced history stories adapted for listening. Every episode leads back to its evidence.</itunes:summary>
    <itunes:type>episodic</itunes:type>
    <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
    <itunes:category text="History"/>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Writesides of History</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>info@writesidesofhistory.com</itunes:email>
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      <title>Writesides of History Podcasts</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>The Fourth Crusade: The Army That Turned on Constantinople</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/fourth-crusade-constantinople/</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How debt, promises and momentum carried a crusading army to the walls of Constantinople.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How debt, promises and momentum carried a crusading army to the walls of Constantinople.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 An army for Jerusalem</li><li>1:07 The debt at Venice</li><li>2:35 The first forbidden city</li><li>3:40 A prince with impossible promises</li><li>5:05 Three days in Constantinople</li><li>6:34 What the crusade left behind</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-fourth-crusade-and-the-sack-of-constantinople-a-turning-point-in-medieval-history/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-fourth-crusade-and-the-sack-of-constantinople-a-turning-point-in-medieval-history/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>498.096</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Apollo-Soyuz: The Handshake Above the Cold War</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/apollo-soyuz-test-project-detente-diplomacy-technology/</link>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 08:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How two incompatible spacecraft—and two Cold War rivals—built an interface for cooperation in orbit.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How two incompatible spacecraft—and two Cold War rivals—built an interface for cooperation in orbit.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 Two rivals in one orbit</li><li>1:20 A mission made by détente</li><li>3:00 The problem of incompatible spacecraft</li><li>4:38 The handshake</li><li>6:16 What cooperation actually required</li><li>7:46 A bridge that outlived the thaw</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/apollo-soyuz-test-project-detente-diplomacy-technology/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/apollo-soyuz-test-project-detente-diplomacy-technology/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>587.28</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Bell Beaker: The Cup That Crossed a Continent</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/bell-beaker-pottery/</link>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 08:31:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A small prehistoric vessel reveals two different journeys: ideas spreading between communities and people moving across Europe.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A small prehistoric vessel reveals two different journeys: ideas spreading between communities and people moving across Europe.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A cup in a grave</li><li>1:34 The Beaker package</li><li>3:05 Pots or people</li><li>4:27 The archer near Stonehenge</li><li>6:07 The DNA surprise</li><li>7:53 One object, two kinds of journey</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/bell-beaker-pottery/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/bell-beaker-pottery/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>593.88</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/bell-beaker-pottery.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>1798: The Rebellion Before the Union</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/1798-rebellion-united-irishmen-ireland/</link>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 08:32:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How a non-sectarian republican ideal rose without coordination, descended into violence and helped end Ireland’s parliament.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How a non-sectarian republican ideal rose without coordination, descended into violence and helped end Ireland’s parliament.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 The missing mail coaches</li><li>1:36 The common name of Irishman</li><li>3:26 Repression before rebellion</li><li>5:04 Wexford and the broken ideal</li><li>6:59 France arrives too late</li><li>8:49 Defeat, union and memory</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/1798-rebellion-united-irishmen-ireland/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/1798-rebellion-united-irishmen-ireland/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>675.576</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Akhenaten: The King Who Turned Egypt Toward the Sun</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/pharaoh-akhenaten-and-the-amarna-period-revolutionizing-ancient-egypt/</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How a pharaoh abandoned Amun, built a capital on empty ground and routed every approach to the sun god through himself.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How a pharaoh abandoned Amun, built a capital on empty ground and routed every approach to the sun god through himself.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A king changes his name</li><li>1:26 The wealth of Amun</li><li>2:43 A city on empty ground</li><li>4:24 A god reached through the king</li><li>6:43 Letters from a straining empire</li><li>8:02 The erasure and the afterlife</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/pharaoh-akhenaten-and-the-amarna-period-revolutionizing-ancient-egypt/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/pharaoh-akhenaten-and-the-amarna-period-revolutionizing-ancient-egypt/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: Portrait head of Akhenaten, plaster, c. 1340 BC, from Amarna. Neues Museum, Berlin. Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>639.1</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>After the Fire: How Nero Rebuilt Rome</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/fireproof-city-roman-urban-planning-64-ad/</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 15:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>After the Great Fire of 64 AD, Rome wrote new rules for how a city could be built, and Nero claimed the cleared ground for a palace.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After the Great Fire of 64 AD, Rome wrote new rules for how a city could be built, and Nero claimed the cleared ground for a palace.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 Six days in July</li><li>1:13 A city built to burn</li><li>2:27 Rumour and blame</li><li>4:03 Rules written in stone</li><li>6:05 A palace on the ashes</li><li>7:27 What the fire left behind</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/fireproof-city-roman-urban-planning-64-ad/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/fireproof-city-roman-urban-planning-64-ad/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>530.09</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/fireproof-city-roman-urban-planning-64-ad.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Meiji: The Samurai Who Abolished the Samurai</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/the-meiji-restoration-revolution-and-the-fall-of-japans-samurai-class/</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 15:02:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How a coup in the emperor&#39;s name dissolved Japan&#39;s warrior class, and why men of that class carried it out.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How a coup in the emperor&#39;s name dissolved Japan&#39;s warrior class, and why men of that class carried it out.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 Black ships</li><li>1:28 A coup in the emperor&#39;s name</li><li>3:15 The arithmetic of abolition</li><li>4:48 The end of the sword</li><li>6:25 Saigo&#39;s last stand</li><li>7:50 From warriors to symbol</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-meiji-restoration-revolution-and-the-fall-of-japans-samurai-class/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-meiji-restoration-revolution-and-the-fall-of-japans-samurai-class/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>7</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>558.36</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/the-meiji-restoration-revolution-and-the-fall-of-japans-samurai-class.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Mandela and de Klerk: Negotiating the End of Apartheid</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/mandela-de-klerk-end-of-apartheid/</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 15:03:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Four years of crisis, compromise and restraint between Mandela&#39;s release and South Africa&#39;s first democratic election.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Four years of crisis, compromise and restraint between Mandela&#39;s release and South Africa&#39;s first democratic election.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 Nine days in February</li><li>1:06 Two calculated risks</li><li>2:41 Talks under fire</li><li>4:18 Finding a way back</li><li>5:25 The assassination of Chris Hani</li><li>6:45 Nineteen million votes</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/mandela-de-klerk-end-of-apartheid/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/mandela-de-klerk-end-of-apartheid/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, Davos, January 1992. Photo: World Economic Forum, CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>8</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>525.34</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/mandela-de-klerk-end-of-apartheid.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Arsuf, 1191: The Charge Richard Never Ordered</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/battle-of-arsuf-1191/</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">writesidesofhistory:podcast:battle-of-arsuf-1191</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 13:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How a rearguard that broke ranks without orders forced Richard&#39;s hand, and why the charge that followed broke Saladin&#39;s army without destroying it.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How a rearguard that broke ranks without orders forced Richard&#39;s hand, and why the charge that followed broke Saladin&#39;s army without destroying it.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A march built to be attacked</li><li>1:15 The men who held the line</li><li>2:20 Hours under the arrows</li><li>3:22 The charge nobody ordered</li><li>4:31 James of Avesnes</li><li>5:39 What the victory won</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/battle-of-arsuf-1191/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/battle-of-arsuf-1191/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>9</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>435.14</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/battle-of-arsuf-1191.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Sickles on the Masts: Rome&#39;s Sea Battle Against the Veneti</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/decimus-brutus-veneti-naval-battle-gulf-of-morbihan-56-bc/</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 13:31:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How a Roman fleet beat the Atlantic sailing ships of the Veneti with hooked poles, and what Caesar did to the people afterwards.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How a Roman fleet beat the Atlantic sailing ships of the Veneti with hooked poles, and what Caesar did to the people afterwards.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A fleet built in one spring</li><li>1:12 Hostages and grain</li><li>2:45 Ships made for the ocean</li><li>4:03 Hooks against rope</li><li>5:23 The calm</li><li>6:14 What Caesar did next</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/decimus-brutus-veneti-naval-battle-gulf-of-morbihan-56-bc/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/decimus-brutus-veneti-naval-battle-gulf-of-morbihan-56-bc/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>10</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>480.82</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/decimus-brutus-veneti-naval-battle-gulf-of-morbihan-56-bc.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Jebel Sahaba: The Oldest Massacre, Looked at Again</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/jebel-sahaba-what-a-restudy-did-to-the-oldest-massacre/</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 13:32:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>For fifty years a Nile cemetery was the oldest known massacre. A new look at the same bones turned one event into a generation of raiding.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For fifty years a Nile cemetery was the oldest known massacre. A new look at the same bones turned one event into a generation of raiding.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A cemetery above the Nile</li><li>0:59 The oldest war</li><li>1:53 Sixty-four people</li><li>2:51 Wounds that had healed</li><li>3:36 A day or a generation</li><li>4:57 What a second look is for</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/jebel-sahaba-what-a-restudy-did-to-the-oldest-massacre/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/jebel-sahaba-what-a-restudy-did-to-the-oldest-massacre/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: The Nile, the Aswan High Dam and Lake Nasser, photographed from Space Shuttle mission STS-102 on 18 March 2001. Photo: NASA, Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>11</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>389.47</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Abrolhos, 1631: A Victory Decided by a Cable</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/the-battle-of-abrolhos-1631-a-victory-decided-by-a-cable/</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 13:33:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Sixteen Dutch ships against a fleet twice their size off Brazil: an admiral who chose the sea, and a battle both sides could claim.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sixteen Dutch ships against a fleet twice their size off Brazil: an admiral who chose the sea, and a battle both sides could claim.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A company with a war fleet</li><li>1:12 Oquendo&#39;s convoy</li><li>2:30 Grappled together</li><li>3:44 The admiral and his colours</li><li>4:18 Who won</li><li>5:43 Reading an outcome</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-battle-of-abrolhos-1631-a-victory-decided-by-a-cable/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-battle-of-abrolhos-1631-a-victory-decided-by-a-cable/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
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      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>12</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>423.91</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>The Third Generation: The Attacks Nobody Answered For</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/the-third-generation-twenty-years-of-attacks-and-almost-no-convictions/</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 13:34:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>How the last phase of the Red Army Faction killed bankers and officials with precision, and why almost nobody was ever convicted for it.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How the last phase of the Red Army Faction killed bankers and officials with precision, and why almost nobody was ever convicted for it.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A name without faces</li><li>0:50 A different strategy</li><li>1:46 Seven years of killings</li><li>3:22 The last spectacular action</li><li>4:11 Why so little was proved</li><li>5:20 What a record can honestly say</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-third-generation-twenty-years-of-attacks-and-almost-no-convictions/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-third-generation-twenty-years-of-attacks-and-almost-no-convictions/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://writesidesofhistory.com/audio/the-third-generation-twenty-years-of-attacks-and-almost-no-convictions.mp3" length="6844845" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>13</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>427.78</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/the-third-generation-twenty-years-of-attacks-and-almost-no-convictions.jpg"/>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Talheim, 5000 BC: The Pit That Changed the Argument</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/talheim-5000-bc-the-pit-that-changed-the-neolithic-argument/</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">writesidesofhistory:podcast:talheim-5000-bc-the-pit-that-changed-the-neolithic-argument</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A pit of thirty-four bodies in a German village turned an argument about whether Neolithic farmers fought at all into a question about how often.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A pit of thirty-four bodies in a German village turned an argument about whether Neolithic farmers fought at all into a question about how often.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A find near Talheim</li><li>0:55 What was in the pit</li><li>2:18 Why one pit changed an argument</li><li>4:11 What the pit cannot tell you</li><li>5:46 How the evidence is counted</li><li>6:58 A reference point</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/talheim-5000-bc-the-pit-that-changed-the-neolithic-argument/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/talheim-5000-bc-the-pit-that-changed-the-neolithic-argument/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: Vessel of the Linear Pottery culture from Wandersleben, Thuringia. Museum for Prehistory, Weimar. Photo: Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://writesidesofhistory.com/audio/talheim-5000-bc-the-pit-that-changed-the-neolithic-argument.mp3" length="7745325" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>14</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>484.06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/talheim-5000-bc-the-pit-that-changed-the-neolithic-argument.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Cyprus, 1191: The Island Richard Took and Sold</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/isaac-komnenos-and-the-fall-of-cyprus-1191/</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">writesidesofhistory:podcast:isaac-komnenos-and-the-fall-of-cyprus-1191</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:31:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>A usurper nobody defended, an island taken in fifteen days, and a conquest that outlasted every crusader state on the mainland.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A usurper nobody defended, an island taken in fifteen days, and a conquest that outlasted every crusader state on the mainland.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 The usurper nobody defended</li><li>2:07 Three ships on the rocks</li><li>3:24 Fifteen days</li><li>4:24 Chains of silver</li><li>5:05 Sold, and handed on</li><li>6:54 The only thing that lasted</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/isaac-komnenos-and-the-fall-of-cyprus-1191/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/isaac-komnenos-and-the-fall-of-cyprus-1191/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: Map of Asia Minor and the crusader states, c. 1140, by William Robert Shepherd, Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://writesidesofhistory.com/audio/isaac-komnenos-and-the-fall-of-cyprus-1191.mp3" length="7830189" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>15</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>489.36</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/isaac-komnenos-and-the-fall-of-cyprus-1191.jpg"/>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Jaffa, 1192: The Truce That Ended a Crusade</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/treaty-of-jaffa-1192-what-richard-and-saladin-signed/</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">writesidesofhistory:podcast:treaty-of-jaffa-1192-what-richard-and-saladin-signed</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:32:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>What Richard and Saladin actually agreed after three years of war: a coast, a pilgrimage, and a city that stayed out of reach.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What Richard and Saladin actually agreed after three years of war: a coast, a pilgrimage, and a city that stayed out of reach.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 A crusade that ended in a truce</li><li>0:57 Two exhausted powers</li><li>2:32 The terms</li><li>3:52 Ascalon, the price of the coast</li><li>5:30 Why the city stayed out of reach</li><li>7:04 A truce both men could survive</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/treaty-of-jaffa-1192-what-richard-and-saladin-signed/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/treaty-of-jaffa-1192-what-richard-and-saladin-signed/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: Saladin the Victorious, engraving by Gustave Dore, Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://writesidesofhistory.com/audio/treaty-of-jaffa-1192-what-richard-and-saladin-signed.mp3" length="8107821" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>16</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>506.71</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/treaty-of-jaffa-1192-what-richard-and-saladin-signed.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Cape Rachado, 1606: The Battle Both Sides Won</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/cape-rachado-1606-the-battle-both-sides-won/</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">writesidesofhistory:podcast:cape-rachado-1606-the-battle-both-sides-won</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:33:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>An eight-day running battle off Malacca that the Portuguese won on the day, and the Dutch turned into a victory weeks later.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An eight-day running battle off Malacca that the Portuguese won on the day, and the Dutch turned into a victory weeks later.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 The hinge of the eastern trade</li><li>0:53 A siege broken by news</li><li>2:07 Eight days off Cape Rachado</li><li>3:30 A divided armada</li><li>4:44 Two ways to keep score</li><li>5:59 The Asian half of the record</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/cape-rachado-1606-the-battle-both-sides-won/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/cape-rachado-1606-the-battle-both-sides-won/</a></p>
<p>Cover image: Jacob Mathieusen and his wife, with the fleet in the roads of Batavia, by Aelbert Cuyp, Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). The episode artwork is an adaptation and is shared under the same licence.</p>]]></content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://writesidesofhistory.com/audio/cape-rachado-1606-the-battle-both-sides-won.mp3" length="7560621" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>17</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>472.51</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/cape-rachado-1606-the-battle-both-sides-won.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>The Five Admiralties: Why the Republic Had No Single Navy</title>
      <link>https://writesidesofhistory.com/listen/the-five-admiralties-of-the-dutch-republic/</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">writesidesofhistory:podcast:the-five-admiralties-of-the-dutch-republic</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 15:34:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <description>Why the Dutch Republic fought its wars with five separate navies, and why no province would ever give its own board up.</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Why the Dutch Republic fought its wars with five separate navies, and why no province would ever give its own board up.</p>
<p><strong>Chapters</strong></p>
<ul><li>0:00 Five navies, one republic</li><li>1:02 A confederation, not a state</li><li>2:48 Five boards, five cities</li><li>4:12 Taxing trade to fight for it</li><li>5:17 Nobody in command</li><li>7:30 A compromise that outlasted its logic</li></ul>
<p>Read the sourced article, with notes and bibliography: <a href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-five-admiralties-of-the-dutch-republic/">https://writesidesofhistory.com/the-five-admiralties-of-the-dutch-republic/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <enclosure url="https://writesidesofhistory.com/audio/the-five-admiralties-of-the-dutch-republic.mp3" length="8596269" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>Writesides of History</itunes:author>
      <itunes:episode>18</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:duration>537.24</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
      <itunes:image href="https://writesidesofhistory.com/images/podcasts/episodes/the-five-admiralties-of-the-dutch-republic.jpg"/>
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