Marble Statue of a Roman in a Toga, First Century AD
A togatus in the Metropolitan Museum. The toga was not clothing so much as a licence: only a citizen could wear it, its border declared rank, and the amount of cloth on display was itself a statement of what a man could afford to own and to have laundered.
Republican Rome legislated repeatedly against luxury — on how many guests might dine, what could be served, how much silver a household might keep, which purple a woman might wear. The laws were unenforceable and were re-enacted anyway, which tells you what they were for. They were a way for the senate to police the boundary between old rank and new money at a moment when conquest was flooding the city with both. See regulating luxury and status in republican Rome.
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