Ancient Macedonia within Greece (el)
Η αρχαία Μακεδονία (κόκκινα όρια) και η σύγχρονη Μακεδονία (μπλε) μαζί με την αρχαία πρωτεύουσα (Πέλλα) και τη σύγχρονη πρωτεύουσα (Θεσσαλονίκη)
In the decade leading up to the Peloponnesian War, Athens and Sparta navigated a complex web of diplomacy and rivalry, setting the stage for inevitable conflict. Between 441 and 431 BC, both city-states engaged in a series of diplomatic maneuvers, proxy wars, and fragile treaties that tested the limits of peace. The so-called "Thirty Years' Peace" of 446/445 BC, which temporarily stabilized relations, left both powers wary and dissatisfied, as Athens continued to expand its empire and Sparta maintained its hegemony on the mainland. Key flashpoints during this period included the Samian Revolt (440–439 BC) and the Potidaean affair (432 BC). See our article on the Diplomacy and Rivalry: Athenian-Spartan Relations in the Decade Before the Peloponnesian War.
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